Each Xilinx® block has several controls and configurable parameters, seen in its Block Parameters dialog box. This dialog box can be accessed by double-clicking on the block. Many of these parameters are specific to the block. Block-specific parameters are described in the documentation for the block.
The remaining controls and parameters are common to most blocks. These common controls and parameters are described below.
Each dialog box contains four buttons: OK, Cancel, Help, and Apply. Apply applies configuration changes to the block, leaving the box open on the screen. Help displays HTML help for the block. Cancel closes the box without saving changes. OK applies changes and closes the box.
Precision
The fundamental computational mode in the Xilinx blockset is arbitrary precision fixed-point arithmetic. Most blocks give you the option of choosing the precision, for example, the number of bits and binary point position.
By default, the output of Xilinx blocks is full precision; that is, sufficient precision to represent the result without error. Most blocks have a User-Defined precision option that fixes the number of total and fractional bits.
Arithmetic type
In the Arithmetic Type field of the Block Parameters dialog box, you can choose unsigned or signed (two's complement) as the data type of the output signal.
Number of bits
Fixed-point numbers are stored in data types characterized by their word size as specified by Number of bits, Binary point, and Arithmetic type parameters. The maximum number of bits supported is 4096.
Binary point
The binary point is the means by which fixed-point numbers are scaled. The Binary point parameter indicates the number of bits to the right of the binary point (for example, the size of the fraction) for the output port. The binary point position must be between zero and the specified number of bits.
Overflow and Quantization
When user-defined precision is selected, errors can result from overflow or quantization. Overflow errors occur when a value lies outside the representable range. Quantization errors occur when the number of fractional bits is insufficient to represent the fractional portion of a value.
The Xilinx fixed-point data type supports several options for user-defined precision. For overflow the options are to Saturate to the largest positive/smallest negative value, to Wrap (for example, to discard bits to the left of the most significant representable bit), or to Flag as error (an overflow as a Simulink® error) during simulation. Flag as error is a simulation only feature. The hardware generated is the same as when Wrap is selected.
For quantization, the options are to Round to the nearest representable value (or to the value furthest from zero if there are two equidistant nearest representable values), or to Truncate (for example, to discard bits to the right of the least significant representable bit).
The following is an image showing the Quantization and Overflow options.
Round (unbiased: +/- inf) also
known as "Symmetric Round (towards +/- inf)" or "Symmetric Round (away from zero)".
This is similar to the
MATLAB®
round()
function. This method rounds the value to
the nearest desired bit away from zero and when there is a value at the midpoint
between two possible rounded values, the one with the larger magnitude is selected.
For example, to round 01.0110 to a Fix_4_2, this yields 01.10, because 01.0110 is
exactly between 01.01 and 01.10 and the latter is further from zero.
Round (unbiased: even values) also known as "Convergent Round (toward even)" or "Unbiased Rounding". Symmetric rounding is biased because it rounds all ambiguous midpoints away from zero which means the average magnitude of the rounded results is larger than the average magnitude of the raw results. Convergent rounding removes this by alternating between a symmetric round toward zero and symmetric round away from zero. That is, midpoints are rounded toward the nearest even number. For example, to round 01.0110 to a Fix_4_2, this yields 01.10, because 01.0110 is exactly between 01.01 and 01.10 and the latter is even. To round 01.1010 to a Fix_4_2, this yields 01.10, because 01.1010 is exactly between 01.10 and 01.11 and the former is even.
It is important to realize that whatever option is selected, the generated HDL model and Simulink model behave identically.
Latency
Many elements in the Xilinx blockset have a latency option. This defines the number of sample periods by which the block's output is delayed. One sample period might correspond to multiple clock cycles in the corresponding FPGA implementation (for example, when the hardware is over-clocked with respect to the Simulink model). Model Composer does not perform extensive pipelining; additional latency is usually implemented as a shift register on the output of the block.
Provide Synchronous Reset Port
Selecting the Provide Synchronous Reset
Port option activates an optional reset (rst
) pin on the block.
When the reset signal is asserted the block goes back to its initial state. Reset signal has precedence over the optional enable signal available on the block. The reset signal has to run at a multiple of the block's sample rate. The signal driving the reset port must be Boolean.
Provide Enable Port
Selecting the Provide Enable Port option activates an optional enable (en) pin on the block. When the enable signal is not asserted the block holds its current state until the enable signal is asserted again or the reset signal is asserted. Reset signal has precedence over the enable signal. The enable signal has to run at a multiple of the block 's sample rate. The signal driving the enable port must be Boolean.
Sample Period
Data streams are processed at a specific sample rate as they flow through Simulink. Typically, each block detects the input sample rate and produces the correct sample rate on its output. Xilinx blocks Up Sample and Down Sample provide a means to increase or decrease sample rates.
Specify Explicit Sample Period
If you select Specify explicit sample period rather than the default, you can set the sample period required for all the block outputs. This is useful when implementing features such as feedback loops in your design. In a feedback loop, it is not possible for Model Composer to determine a default sample rate, because the loop makes an input sample rate depend on a yet-to-be-determined output sample rate. Model Composer under these circumstances requires you to supply a hint to establish sample periods throughout a loop.
Use Behavioral HDL (otherwise use core)
When this checkbox is checked, the behavioral HDL generated by the M-code simulation is used instead of the structural HDL from the cores.
The M-code simulation creates the C simulation and this C simulation creates behavioral HDL. When this option is selected, it is this behavioral HDL that is used for further synthesis. When this option is not selected, the structural HDL generated from the cores and HDL templates (corresponding to each of the blocks in the model) is used instead for synthesis. Cores are generated for each block in a design once and cached for future netlisting. This capability ensures the fastest possible netlist generation while guaranteeing that the cores are available for downstream synthesis and place and route tools.
Use XtremeDSP Slice
This field specifies that if possible, use the XtremeDSP slice (DSP48 type element) in the target device. Otherwise, CLB logic are used for the multipliers.
Display shortened port names
AXI4-Stream signal names have been shortened
(by default) to improve readability on the block. Name shortening is purely cosmetic
and when netlisting occurs, the AXI4-Stream name
is used. For example, a shortened master signal on an AXI4-Stream interface might be data_tvalid
. When you uncheck Display
shortened port names, the name becomes m_axis_data_tvalid
.