With higher switching speeds and capacitive loads, switching I/O power can be a substantial part of the total power consumption of an AMD device. Hence, it is important to accurately define all I/O related parameters. In the I/O page, PDM helps you calculate the on-chip and off-chip power for your I/O interfaces.
The following figure illustrates the three main types of information entered on the I/O page: I/O Settings, Activity, and External Termination.
Figure 1.
PDM I/O
The following section provides more information on how to fill in each of these columns.
- I/O Setting
-
- I/O Standard
- Specify the expected I/O standard you intend to use for this interface.
Configurations that use the on-chip terminations are shown with a
DCI suffix in this drop-down menu. Differential I/O standards have a
(pair) suffix. For calculations, PDM assumes the standard VCCO level (for example,
3.3V) that is closest to the nominal level listed in the data sheet
for that I/O standard.Recommended: To minimize power on output signals, always use the weakest driver settings that meet your performance goals (lower the drive strength and slew rate).
- I/O Direction Columns
- Enter the number of Input, Output and Bidir (bidirectional) signals for
each I/O interface.Recommended: It is recommended that you place each direction on a separate row because toggling activity of inputs and outputs is often very different.
- On-Chip Termination
- The termination values are same as that of AMD UltraScale+™ devices.
- Activity
- Enter the expected activity for each I/O interface in the following
columns.
- Clock (MHz)
-
- Synchronous Signals
- Enter the frequency of the clock capturing or generating these signals.
- Asynchronous Signals
- Calculate the equivalent frequency of the signal. For example, if you can determine if the signal will toggle (change state) 2 million times per second, then enter 1 in this column (when converting signal rate to frequency you need 2 transitions to make a period: the transition from 0 to 1 and the transition from 1 to 0).
- Toggle Rate
-
- Synchronous Signals
- Enter how often compared to the clock this signal is expected to change state. For example, if the data changes once every 8 clock cycles on average, enter 12.5% (1/8, converted to a percentage).
- Asynchronous Signals
- As explained in the Clock (MHz) description above, enter the equivalent frequency in the Clock (MHz) column and then enter 100% in this column.
- Data Rate
-
- Synchronous Signals
- Enter DDR, if the signal is sampled on both the positive and negative
edges of the clock. Enter SDR if the signal is sampled
on only one edge of the clock. Note: When the Data Rate is DDR, the specified toggle rate is doubled internally for power estimation. You must not calculate the toggle rate explicitly for double data rate.
- Asynchronous Elements and Clocks
- Enter Async or Clock
- Output Enable
-
- Input Only Signals
- The column has no effect
- Output and Bidirectional Signals
-
Specify for a long period of time how much of this time the output buffer is driving a value (compared to the time the driving buffer is disabled or tri-stated.)Tip: Setting Output Enable to 100% is a common mistake which degrades the PDM accuracy.
- Term Disable
-
Set DCI when not in use in the fabric. Enter the percentage of time the DCI or OCT termination is disabled.
- IBUF Disable
- Set HSTL/SSTL IBUF to low power idle (IBUFDISABLE) when not in use in the fabric. Enter the percentage of time the IBUF is disabled.
- Output Load
- Enter the power factor for the board and other external capacitance driven by the outputs in the module.
- External Termination
- When not using the available on-chip termination, you can use PDM to calculate the power supplied by the AMD device to off-chip components, such as external board termination resistor networks. Multiple termination types are supported for I/Os configured as outputs. External input terminations are not supported, because calculations often require details of the driver side but these details are not available to PDM.