Cascaded Integrator-Comb (CIC) filters, also known as Hogenauer filters, are multirate filters often used for implementing large sample rate changes in digital systems. They are typically employed in applications that have a large excess sample rate. That is, the system sample rate is much larger than the bandwidth occupied by the processed signal as in digital down converters (DDCs) and digital up converters (DUCs). Implementations of CIC filters have structures that use only adders, subtracters, and delay elements. These structures make CIC filters appealing for their hardware-efficient implementations of multirate filtering.