Latency - 2022.2 English - UG1308

Vitis Networking P4 User Guide (UG1308)

Document ID
UG1308
Version
2022.2 English
Revision
Vitis Networking P4 can have a variable latency because of these factors:
  • Back-pressure (refer to Back-Pressure section in this chapter).
  • Varying levels of parsing.
    • If a packet has a small number of headers to be parsed it can have a lower latency through Vitis Networking P4.
    • If a packet has a larger number of headers to be parsed it can have a higher latency through Vitis Networking P4.
The calculated latency figure (described in the Vitis Networking P4 IP section of the Vitis Networking P4 Tool Flows chapter,) is based on the worst-case latency of the Parser, but the best case situation in terms of back-pressure. A preview of the latency in the system is available in the GUI before RTL generation or synthesis.

An example of how to calculate the number of clock cycles required to flush the Vitis Networking P4 pipeline of all packets is as follows:

Note: In this example the assumption is made that m_axis_tready is held High to flush out the pipeline and that s_axis_tvalid is held Low to avoid new data entering the pipeline. In this case, the calculated latency value can be treated as the maximum latency, the only exception being any header insert operations.

If the P4 program is inserting new headers into the outgoing packets, some clock cycles need to be added to the calculated latency value. For each header inserted, the header size is divided by the packet bus width and rounded up to the nearest integer. This is Calculation A in the following calculation.

The number of packets that can be in the pipeline at any given time (based on the calculated latency, the minimum packet size, the maximum packet rate, etc.) should also be considered. This is Calculation B in the following calculation.

This number is then multiplied by the extensions to the latency per packet due to header inserts to give the total extensions to the latency due to header inserts. This is Calculation C in the following calculation.

The final result is achieved by adding the calculated latency to the result of Calculation C as shown in Calculation D.

For example:

  • Calculated Latency from the Vitis Networking P4 GUI = 20 clock cycles
  • Packet Bus Width = 64-bit
  • Packet Rate = AXIS Clock Frequency
  • Minimum Packet Size = 64 bytes
  • P4 program can insert two new headers to the outgoing packets
    • Header A = 48-bit
    • Header B = 136-bit

Calculation A - Calculate the possible extensions to the latency per packet due to header inserts:

  • Header A = ceil(48/64) = 1 clock cycle
  • Header B = ceil(136/64) = 3 clock cycles
  • Total = 3+1 = 4 clock cycles

Calculation B - Calculate number of packets (worst case) in the pipeline at a given time:

  • ceil(calculated latency / (Minimum Packet Size / Packet Bus Width)) = ceil(20 / (64*8/64)) = 3 packets in progress

Calculation C - Total Extensions to the latency due to header inserts = 3*4 = 12 clock cycles

Calculation D - In this example, the maximum time to flush out the pipelines = 20 + 12 = 32 clock cycles